Liquefaction-induced damage may significantly affect the functionality of emergency rescue routes in urban areas, not only through road subsidence but also through damage to underground pipelines and manholes beneath the roads and settlement or tilt of adjacent buildings. This study refines an existing liquefaction-induced disaster risk assessment framework to evaluate the potential impacts of soil liquefaction on emergency rescue routes in Taipei City. The overall hazard–vulnerability–risk evaluation structure is retained, while the vulnerability assessment procedures and classification criteria are updated to better represent the influence of liquefaction-induced damage on route functionality. The liquefaction hazard level is determined based on the liquefaction potential index and groundwater level conditions. The vulnerability level is then evaluated by considering road subsidence, pipeline damage, manhole uplift, and settlement or tilt of buildings adjacent to the emergency routes. The refined framework was applied to the 24 designated emergency rescue routes in Taipei City, and the hazard and vulnerability levels were integrated using a risk matrix to determine the overall risk level for each road unit. Compared with the previous assessment results, the proportion of high-risk road sections decreased from approximately 70% to 12%, indicating that the refined vulnerability criteria provide a more reasonable representation of the actual urban conditions in Taipei City. The resulting risk maps can support disaster prevention planning, emergency response management, and the prioritization of mitigation measures for critical emergency rescue routes.

Soil liquefaction,Emergency rescue routes,Hazard,Vulnerability,Disaster risk assessment