Many colluvial landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area exhibit seasonal deformation, with long-term slow movement and short-term acceleration driven by reservoir water level fluctuation and rainfall. This progressive deformation can damage residential buildings and increase risks to local communities, yet conventional landslide risk assessment methods often fail to quantify such slow-evolving hazards.This study develops a building vulnerability and full-stage risk assessment framework for typical colluvial landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The damage mechanisms of masonry buildings were analyzed under different landslide deformation zones, including tensile, shear, and compression zones, and under different ground crack patterns. Mechanical models were proposed, and a quantitative damage classification standard was established using building cracks and tilting as damage indicators. A vulnerability model was then developed by considering landslide thrust and surface crack width as hazard intensity indicators.Furthermore, a full-stage risk assessment framework was constructed for both the long-term deformation stage and the overall failure stage. Surface deformation parameters were used in the deformation stage, whereas landslide velocity and deposit thickness were adopted in the failure stage for scenario-based risk evaluation. A case study of the Sifangbei landslide in Wanzhou District, shows that the proposed framework can characterize risk changes during landslide evolution and support risk management decisions through cost-benefit analysis. This study provides a basis for shifting landslide disaster reduction from passive post-disaster response to proactive pre-failure risk management.